I was
looking for a book on spirituality in Judaism or theology and I really loved
this short book that I found and finished today.
The Sabbath is all
about the seventh day of the week and what it means and how best to observe it.
Heschel is an excellent writer and I plan to read more of his works. He can be
confusing to read at times, but that’s really because his work can get really dense
with meaning. I found the first third of the book especially interesting an the
middle third not as interesting.
In the
prologue, Heschel is very concerned with the contrast between space and time. He
claims that many people equate reality with “thinghood,” focusing on space and
objects, but that Judaism is a religion of time. Consider native American religions
that have sacred mountains and rivers and other sites against Judaism, which
has sacred days like the Sabbath and the high holy days. Heschel sums it up by
saying that “Judaism is a religion of time aiming at the sanctification of time.”
In fact, the first holy object was not an object in space but a day—the Sabbath—
“And God blessed the seventh
day and made it
holy.” This is why
in Judaism there are fixed times but no fixed place of prayer that is holy by
itself.
Heschel
moves on to discuss how to observe the Sabbath and one important thing is that
it is not a means to an end. The Sabbath is a day of rest, but not in the sense
of resting from exercise so that the body can heal and be stronger. Rather, it
is a rest for rest’s sake. Heschel says that “Labor is a craft, but perfect
rest is an art… The seventh day is a
palace in time which we build.” The
Sabbath is given by God to us and we are not given to the Sabbath, so Heschel
implores us to take advantage of that day and enjoy it because it is an example
of the reward given to the worshippers of God. You shouldn’t even get angry on
the Sabbath. He goes on to say that the likeness of God is not found,
therefore, in any image, and though we may think of God as all-present in
space, that’s not really it either. Rather, God’s likeness is found in the Sabbath
and “our keeping of the Sabbath day is a paraphrase of His sanctification of
the seventh day.”
Another
really important concept in the book is the qualitative difference between different
moments in time. It is unfortunate that for many people time is just a “measuring
device rather than a realm in which we abide,” meaning that people just use
time to say that something was before or after another thing. Yet, says
Heschel, “everyone will admit that the Grand Canyon is more awe-inspiring than
a trench. Everyone knows the difference between a worm and an eagle. But how
many of us have a similar sense of discretion for the diversity of time?”
This
quick read is excellent reading for any Jewish person and really any student of
philosophy. It was very thought-provoking for me and I would highly recommend
to others.